Han RU, Ren LI, Chen ZHANG, Jian LUAN, Leyu WEI

The highway tunnel plays a critical role in highway traffic flow, yet its sections are particularly susceptible to traffic accidents. The research shows that the safety measures in the tunnel have a certain effect on improving the safety in the tunnel, but there is a lack of evaluation methods for the use effect of safety measures in the tunnel. To study the application effect of safety measures in tunnels (mainly strobe lights and information boards), this paper takes the driver’s subjective feelings and vehicle speed changes as indicators to evaluate the application effect of safety facilities. The Xingshuliang Tunnel in Shaanxi Province, which has been operated and meets the test standards, is used as the test site, and the driver between the Yaozhou and Huangling sections is randomly selected as the test object for data collection. Subjective feelings are mainly obtained by social survey methods to obtain data samples, and the driving speed is collected by NC2000, non-contact five-wheel instrument, video recorder and other equipment. The statistical analysis method is used to study the driving speed of each section inside and outside the tunnel and the driver’s response. According to the changing trend of speed, the weight of each test section is calculated by the combination of analytic hierarchy process and quantitative statistical method, and the comprehensive influence degree of safety measures is evaluated. The results show that both the strobe light and the information board induce the driver to reduce the driving speed by 3.1%, which can effectively reduce the driving speed. The strobe light mainly acts on the tunnel entrance and the inside of the tunnel, with a maximum influence range of 205 m. The information board has the greatest effect at the tunnel entrance, with a maximum influence range of 200 m. The above results provide a useful reference for the arrangement of safety measures and put forward the arrangement method of tunnel safety measures in combination with the conclusion, to help improve the safety of the driving environment in the tunnel.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2

Wei ZHANG, Chuang ZHU, Yunchao QU, Guanhua LIU, Der-Horng LEE

With the ongoing urbanisation, the subway has become a vital component of modern cities, catering to the escalating demands of a mobile population. However, the increasing complexity of passenger flows within subway stations poses challenges to operations management. To optimise subway operations and enhance safety, researchers focus on extracting and analysing pedestrian trajectories within subway stations. Traditional trajectory extraction methods face limitations due to manual feature design and multi-stage processing. Leveraging advancements in deep learning, this paper integrates M-DeepSORT with YOLOv5 and proposes a feature association matching approach that addresses trajectory drift issues through simultaneous consideration of motion and appearance matching. The confidence-based (CB) Kalman filtering method is proposed to address the issue of random noise in pedestrian detection within subway scenes. The introduction of a momentum-based passenger trajectory centre update method reduces jitter, resulting in smoother trajectory extraction. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in detecting, tracking and statistically analysing subway station corridor passenger flow trajectories, demonstrating robust performance in diverse subway station scenarios.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2

Fei LU, Jian ZHANG, Erli ZHAO, Jingjie TENG

This study asserts that paired aircraft can withstand specific wake turbulence levels and explores the longitudinal collision risk in closely spaced parallel runway approaches. The goal is to enhance the safety margin of the paired approach and allow for more flexible implementation. Based on QAR data, a theoretical spacing model for paired aircraft and a probability distribution of acceleration error are established to facilitate the analysis of the actual spacing of paired aircraft. Wake turbulence attenuation is modelled using large eddy simulation, creating a vortex attenuation model. Drawing inspiration from the Hallock-Burnham vortex model, new models for induced velocity and vortex core motion are proposed. The study assumes that trailing aircraft can handle certain wake intensities, leading to a new model for calculating wake turbulence safety intervals, limiting the trailing aircraft’s maximum roll angle to its critical limit. Using probability theory, a model for longitudinal collision risk is formulated, combining wake turbulence safety separation and the actual separation of paired aircraft. The study also examines various factors influencing longitudinal collision risk, emphasising the significant impact of crosswind conditions. It concludes that a stronger crosswind component reduces the wake turbulence safety separation, thereby increasing the risk of longitudinal collisions, particularly during the final stage of the approach. Notably, collision risk is directly proportional to the crosswind component and initial longitudinal separation, but inversely proportional to runway spacing.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2

Ana VUJIČIĆ, Valentina MIROVIĆ, Jelena MITROVIĆ SIMIĆ, Nenad RUŠKIĆ

Modern transportation planning, building and city management tendencies are based on smart and green sustainability. Sustainable mobility and traffic safety can be improved by raising awareness of gender diversity in travel behaviour. The city of Novi Sad (Serbia) has had a tradition of traffic surveys for about 50 years. All measures for improvement of traffic in the city are based on this research. Travel characteristics in the city regarding gender differences are the source of different data, which can be based on sustainable urban mobility plans, transport demand management and gender equality levels. This paper analyses mobility, modal split and distribution by travel reason as a function of gender. Results were gathered using travel diaries (collected by household surveys) in the Smart plan of Novi Sad. The discussion is based on a descriptive analysis of the basic travel characteristics as a function of gender and a comparison with a previous traffic study – Nostram. The findings of the research indicated that there is a greater prevalence of male employment and higher usage of passenger vehicles among men than among women. Women use alternative modes of transport (walking, public transport and bicycle). Women do not have precise peak hours, while trips are scattered even outside peak hours. Their trips are more related to daily duties than entertainment.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2

Suxiao CHEN, Guangjie LIU, Shen GAO, Jiming LI, Juan WU

Establishing simulation models is a widely used and effective approach for analysing passenger flow distribution in urban rail transit systems. Recently, multi-agent and discrete event-based simulation models have shown exceptional performance in studying passenger flow information within urban rail transit systems. While simulations of passengers and trains often yield satisfactory results, few models capture the overall operational status of urban rail transit systems. The complex interactions among stations, trains and passengers make it challenging to integrate these elements into a unified system framework. In this paper, we introduce a triple simulation framework that integrates stations, trains and passengers as foundational elements to comprehensively simulate the entire urban rail transit system and observe overall passenger flow distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that our system surpasses existing advanced simulation models, achieving an accuracy rate of 88.44% with a tolerance for a 30% deviation. To further illustrate the effectiveness of our framework in analysing passenger flows, we conducted experiments using the Nanjing Metro AFC dataset, analysing passenger flow distributions at stations and on trains.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2

Yueying HUO, Chenhao WANG, Jianrong LIU

Walking prevents disease and keeps older adults healthy. Studying the walking decision factors of ageing people is an imperative step in understanding and promoting their behaviour. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the prototype willingness model (PWM) are two well-known frameworks that deal with reasoned and social reaction processes in decision-making. This paper used these frameworks to examine the motivational mechanisms of walking among older Chinese adults living in small towns and used the structural equation model (SEM) for regression analysis. The analysis was based on 407 questionnaires and compared two models. Model 1 is TPB and model 2 combines TPB with PWM. The results show that behaviour willingness (BW) is significantly correlated with behaviour intention (BI), and model 2 explains a higher proportion of intention variance than model 1. Perceived behavioural control (PBC) is the most significant predictor in the two models, which implies that walking usefulness and walking feasibility are critical to older adults’ willingness to walk and walking program development. Finally, the utility of the integrative model is discussed, in terms of the theoretical contribution to walking among older adults and the applied implications for the promotion of walking.

2025 (Vol 37), Issue 2