Abstract
The paper attempts to identify the social costs and benefits of marine container terminal operations regarding feeder vessels services. It presents a method of valuation which takes into account the external costs of additional factors: the nature and direction of the shipping lines operated by the terminals and the size of port hinterland. Based on the proposed method, the impact of container terminals to reduce the external costs of transport has been assessed.References
WHITE PAPER ON TRANSPORT, Brussels, 2011 r, COM(2011) 144
Small, K.A., Kazimi, C.: On the costs of air pollution from motor vehicles. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 29 (1), 7–32, 1995
Maddison, D., Johansson, O., Pearce, D., BLUEPRINT: The True Costs of Road Transport. Earthscan, London, 1996
Greene, D.L., Jones, D.W., Delucchi, M.A.: The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation — Contributions to Theory, Method and Measurement. Springer, Berlin. 1997
Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Granting of Community Financial Assistance to Improve the Environmental Performance of the Freight Transport System, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, COM(2002) 54 final, 2002
Maibach, M., Schreiyer, C., Sutter, D., Van Essen, H.P., Boon, B.H., Smokers, R., Schroten, A., Doll, C., Pawlowska, B., Bak, M.: Handbook on estimation of external cost in the transport sector, Internalisation Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT), Delft, CE, 2007
Bickel, P. et al.: Developing Harmonised European Approaches for Transport Costing and Project Assessment, Deliverable 5 Proposal for Harmonised Guidelines, IER, Germany, February 2006
Holland, M., Pye, S., Watkiss, P., Droste-Franke, B., Bickel, P.: Damages per tonne of PM2,5, NH3, SO2, NOx and VOC’s of EU25 Member State (excluding Cyprus) and surrounding seas Service Contract for carrying out cost-benefit analysis of air-quality related issues, in particular in the clean air for Europe(CAFE) programme, Didcot : AEA Technology Environment, 2005
Kalli, J., Tapaninen, U.: Externalities of Shipping in the Gulf of Finland until 2015, The Centre for Maritime Studies University of Turku, Turku, 2008
Ellis, J., Lundkvist, M., Westerlund, K., Arola, T.: Methods to Quantify Maritime Accidents for Risk-based decision making. Efficient, Safe and Sustainable Traffic at Sea, Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007-2012, 2012
Paixao, A.C., Marlow, P.B.: Strengths and weaknesses of short sea shipping, Marine Policy 26 167–178, 2002
Calthrop, E., Proost, S.: Road Transport Externalities Interaction between Theory and Empirical Research, Environmental and Resource Economics 11(3–4): 335–348, 1998
Transport. Operating results 2009, GUS, Warszawa 2010.[In Polish]
Bak, M. et al.: Costs and charges for transport, Ed. University of Gdansk, Gdańsk 2009, pp. 47-51
The Ecological Transport Information Tool, [online:
http://www.ecotransit.org/ecotransit.en.phtml]
Blue Book. Road infrastructure, Jaspers, 2008.[In Polish]
Eurostat Database, [on Line: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu]
Kowalczyk, U. et al.: Maritime economy - Statistic review. Maritime Institute in Gdańsk, Gdańsk 2011 [In Polish]
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/106/EEC of 7 December 1992, On the establishment of common rules for certain types of combined transport of goods between Member States. OJ No L 368/38, 17.12.1992
Dalsoren, S.B., Eide, M.S., Endresen, O., Mjelde, A., Gravir, G., Isaksen, I.S.A.: Update on emissions and environmental impacts from the international fleet of ships. The contribution from major ship types and ports. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, 2009
Assessment of impact of Gdynia and Gdańsk sea ports on the socio-economic situation in region Pomorskie, Actia Forum, Decembre, 2011 [In Polish].
http://en.shippingchina.com [1.07.2011]